MIDTERM-1 PART-2 QUESTION-1

Answer-1:

• Frank Bunker GILBRETH – Lillian Moller GILBRETH: Frank Bunker Gilbreth was a proponent of scientific management and Taylorism. Lillian Moller Gilbreth was the first organizational/industrial psychologist and was one of the first working female engineers holding a PhD. She and her husband, namely known as Gilbreths, had interests in time and motion studies. They were pioneers in the area of industrial engineering. Lillian worked on matters of civil defense, war production and rehabilitation of the physically handicapped people while Frank sought to understand the work habits of industrial employees and to find ways to increasing. Gilbreths’ work is often associated with Taylor’s but Taylorism was primarily concerned with reducing the time of processes while Gilbreths aimed to make processes more efficient by reducing the motions. Also, they were more concerned with workers’ welfare whereas Taylorism was concerned with profit. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Bunker_Gilbreth, http://www.accel-team.com/scientific/scientific_03.html, http://telecollege.dcccd.edu/mgmt1374/book_contents/1overview/management_history/mgmt_history.htm
• Frederick Winslow TAYLOR: Taylor’s name was synonymous with scientific management, a revolutionary movement that proposed the reduction of waste through the careful study of work. He sought to improve industrial efficiency. He believed in the fact that the best results would come from the partnership between a trained and qualified management and a cooperative and innovative workforce. He is remembered for developing the time and motion study. He also developed a theory of organizations which changed the personalized autocracy which had only been tempered by varying degrees of benevolence. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor, http://ibiblio.org/eldritch/fwt/taylor.html
• Henry FAYOL: Fayol was a pioneer of operational management theory. He was one of the most effective contributors to 20th century’s concepts of management, having suggested that there are five primary functions of management: planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. He is regarded as the first to question the nature of management and put forward a theory designed to apply in all managerial contexts. He tried to present his theory in such a way that the business procedures he had studied and developed could be applied to any organization, regardless of size or nature. He suggested that management applies equally to the family as it does to corporation. He is generally associated with Taylor. They both coped with the efficient organization of production. However, Taylor viewed management processes from the bottom up while Fayol viewed it from the top down. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Fayol, http://www.ozyazilim.com/ozgur/marmara/orgut/yon_teo2.htm#_Toc465482723
• Max WEBER: Weber is best known as one of the leading scholars and founders of modern sociology, but he also accomplished much economic work. His major works cope with rationalization in sociology of religion and government. He showed the importance of characteristics of ascetic Protestantism which led to the development of capitalism, bureaucracy and the rational-legal state in the west. In Politics as a Vocation, he defined the state as an entity which claims a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force. His other contributions to economics include an economic history of Roman agrarian society and dual roles of idealism and materialism in the history of capitalism. References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Weber, http://ansiklopedi.turkcebilgi.com/Max_Weber
• Abraham MASLOW: Maslow, an American psychologist, is known for his conceptualization of a hierarchy of human needs and is considered the father of humanistic psychology.

The lower the need is in the pyramid, the more powerful it is. The lower needs are also similar to those of animals. Once the psychological needs are met, an individual can concentrate on the second level which includes the need for safety and security. The third level is the need for love and belonging while the fourth one is esteem needs. Finally, self-actualization sits at the top. References: http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow

• If I were one of these people, I would prefer to be Frank Bunker Gilbreth because of the similarities between his studies and my lifestyle. He applied his studies not only in his career but also in his daily life, so I am affected by this attitude of him. Also, it seems more reasonable to me to reduce the motions rather than the time.