Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 - March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer who made studies in improving industrial efficiency. He is sometimes called "the father of scientific management" in his later years. He was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and his ideas were highly effective in the Progressive Era.He was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania. In 1878, he began working at the Midvale Steel Company. He became foreman of the steel plant and started his studies in the measurement of industrial productivity. Taylor developed detailed systems and aimed to gain maximum efficiency from both workers and machines in the factory. These systems relied on time and motion studies, which help determine the best methods for performing a task in the least amount of time. In 1898, he involvedin the discovery of the Taylor-White process, a method of tempering steel. Taylor served as consulting engineer for several companies. His management methods were published in The Principles of Scientific Management.
Taylor's scientific management consisted of four principles:
1- Replace rule-of-thumb work methods with methods based on a scientific study of the tasks.
2- Scientifically select, train, and develop each employee rather than passively leaving them to train themselves.
3- Provide "detailed instruction and supervision of each worker in the performance of that worker's discrete task".
4- Divide work nearly equally between managers and workers, so that the managers apply scientific management principles to planning the work and the workers actually perform the tasks.
References: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Winslow_Taylor, http://www.ekonomi.name/ekonomistler/frederick-winslow-taylor.html, http://ibiblio.org/eldritch/fwt/taylor.html
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